Mental Health.

In Nigeria, the disparity between available healthcare services and the need for mental health services is palpable. Although the country has made significant advances in challenging public health problems, health-related policy development, and legislation in trying to achieve health for all policy, there have been challenges concerning mental health services including that policy development and legislation, financing, research, training, and integration of mental health care into primary health care. We consulted relevant publications, official documents, policy statements, blueprints, and working plans of the relevant organizations responsible for mental care and services locally and globally. We identify and highlight challenges faced in mental.

INTRODUCTION  

Mental health is an integral part of health and well-being, and yet it's been neglected in this part of the world. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide, 450 million people have a mental disorder and 25% of the population will suffer from mental illness at some time in their lives. According to the WHO, mental health is; "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and can make a contribution to his or her community" In 2019, a survey on mental health in Nigeria, by Africa Polling Institute (API) and EpiAFRIC shows how awareness of mental health is low in Nigeria, with most respondents been aware that they have mental health disorder, recognized it and commonly caused.

WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? 

     Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make healthy choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, poor mental health and mental illness are not the same. A person can experience poor mental health and not be diagnosed with a mental illness. Likewise, a person diagnosed with a mental illness can experience periods of physical, mental, and social well-being.

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO)Trusted Source: "Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community." The WHO states that mental health is "more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities." Peak mental health is not only about managing active conditions but also looking after ongoing wellness and happiness. 

IS MENTAL HEALTH IMPORTANT FOR OVERALL HEALTH?

      Mental and physical health are equally important components of overall health. For example, depression increases the risk of many types of physical health problems, particularly long-lasting conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Similarly, the presence of chronic conditions can increase the risk of mental illness. 

CAUSES OF MENTAL HEALTH 

     Research has shown that there is no single cause for mental illness. Several factors can contribute to the risk for mental illness, such as;

Early adverse life experiences, such as trauma, or a history of abuse (for example, child abuse, sexual assault, witnessing violence, etc.)

 Experiences related to other ongoing (chronic) medical conditions, such as cancer or diabetes.

 Biological factors or chemical imbalances in the brain.

Use of alcohol or drugs.

Having feelings of loneliness or isolation.

MEDICATION

Some people take prescribed medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytic drugs. Although these cannot cure mental disorders, some medications can improve symptoms and help a person resume social interaction and a routine while working on their mental health. Some of these medications boost the body's absorption of feel-good chemicals, such as serotonin, from the brain. Other drugs either boost the overall levels of these chemicals or prevent their degradation or destruction. 

SELF HELP

 A person coping with mental health difficulties may need to change their lifestyle to facilitate wellness. Such changes can include reducing alcohol intake, sleeping more, and eating a balanced, nutritious diet. People may need to take time away from work or resolve issues with personal relationships that may be causing damage to their mental health. People with conditions such as anxiety or depressive disorder may benefit from relaxation techniques, which include deep breathing.